| 1802 | Laws of expanstion of gasses published by Gay Lussac, states, gasses expand uniformaly with changes in temperature at a constant pressure |
|---|---|
| 1803 | Dalton's Atomic Theory. It stated that all matter is composed of atoms which cannot be created or destroyed. All atoms of the same element are identical and different elements have different types of atoms. Compounds are formed from elements. |
| 1807 | Law of Combining Volumes. Gay Lussac proposed this law after a series of experiments exploding together various volumes of hydrogen and oxygen and realising that water contained a ratio of 2:1 volume of hydrogen to oxygen. The law states that gases react in volumes in ratio to each other and their products, providing temperature and pressure remains constant. This was thought to contradict Dalton's Atomic Theory. |
| 1811 | Avogadros' Law. Proposed by Amedeo Avogadro and states that "under equal xcondistions of temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gases contain an equal number of molecules." This wasn't acknowledged until 1860 when Stanislao Cannizzaro showed that it was the solution to the problem of atomic and molecular weights. Periodic Table. Jöns Jakob Berzelius proposes the first form of a periodic table, a system where chemical elements are represented by the first letters of their names. The modern language of chemical symbols is born. |
| 1817 | Chlorophyll Isolated. Isolated by Pierre Joeseph Pelletier. |
| 1823 | Döbereiner Firelighter. Invention of the pneumatic gas lighter, fire could now be produced without flint of timber. This caused a big stir. |
| 1825 | Benzene discovered. Faraday isolates benzene from oil gas, it's structure is unusual. |
| 1826 | Berzelius publishes table of atomic weights, using oxygen as a standard. |
| 1828 | Urea, the first organic molecule created. Friedrich Wöhler converts an inorganic compound (ammonium cyanate) into an organic compound (urea). |
| 1833 | Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis. The first law states hat the amount of chemical change produced by a current is proportional to the quantity of electricity passed. The second law states that the quantities of substances desposited on the electrode by a given current are proportional to the chemical equivalent weights of those substances. |
| 1841 | The Chemical Society of London is established. |
| 1848 | The American Association for the Advancement of Science is establised. It includes a section for chemistry. |
| 1855 | Mauve, the first synthetic dye is produced by William Perkin. |
| 1858 | Stanislao Cannizzaro publishes a calculation for atomic weights. |
| 1864 | Benzene's structure confirmed. Friedrich August Kekulé concludes that the structure of benzene is a closed hexagonal ring. |
| 1866 | First dry cell battery patented by George Leclanché. |
| 1867 | Alfred Nobel patents dynamite. |
| 1869 | Dmitri Mendeleev publishes the periodic table. |
| 1884 | Le Chateliers Principle. Any change in a system at equilibrium results in a shift of the equilibrium in the opposite direction to oppose the change. |
| 1892 | Vacuum Flask. James Dewar invents the vacuum-insulated, silver-plated vacuum flask. |
| 1897 | The electron is discovered by J J Thomson. |
Home Brief History Major Scientists