Iron is required for the production of hemoglobin and myoglobin (the form of hemoglobin found in muscle tissue) requires this nutrient. It is also needed for the oxygenation of red blood cells, a healthy immune system and for energy production.

Severe iron deficiency results in anemia, and red blood cells that have a low hemoglobin concentration. Anemia in pregnancy increases the risk of having a premature baby or a baby with low birth weight. In young children, iron deficiency can manifest in behavioral abnormalities (including reduced attention), reduced cognitive performance and slow growth. In adults, severe iron deficiency anemia impairs physical work capacity

High iron content in the body has been linked to cancer and heart disease. Iron supplements are the leading cause of death in children - so keep the supplements out of the reach of children. A fatal dose for children could be as little as 600 milligrams. Iron can be poisonous and if too much is taken over a long period could result in liver and heart damage, diabetes and skin changes. Large iron supplementation may also contribute to the hardening of arteries, heart disease and reducing zinc absorption.

Heme iron (present in red blood cells and muscles) found in meat, poultry and fish - is readily absorbed; Non-heme iron - with the absorption more influenced by other dietary factors, are present in cereals, fruits, grains, beans and vegetables.