Conjugation in molecules |
Conjugation is the alternating pattern of double and single bonds in a compound. |
When a pattern of double and single bonds occur, the valence electrons in the 'p orbitals' involved in the π bonds are all in the same orientation2. This means that they have a tendency to travel over the entire conjugated system, with the molecule oscilating between two structures so quickly the bond lengths average out. This is why benzene rings are hexagonal with areas of charge above and below, where the electrons orbit.
As this results in all the bonds in the conjugation being equal in length and because the charge is spread out, the molecule can easily accomodate a few more electrons (can be reduced) or can lose some electrons (can be oxidised). This is called doping.
By charging a polymeric strand of an extended π system there is a constant movement of the charge, although it's too fast to locate. However if a potential is applied the charge is constantly moving in a single direction ie a current flows.
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| Laura White: 24/05/04 |